Sensors are core precision components for electronic universal testing machines, mainly used to accurately collect physical parameters such as force, displacement and deformation during material testing. With high precision, fast response and excellent stability, they convert mechanical signals into standard electrical signals, enabling the testing system to display and record real‑time data. They play a vital role in ensuring the accuracy, repeatability and reliability of tensile, compression, bending and other mechanical performance tests, and are widely applied in material research, product inspection and quality control in various industrial fields.